What was the method used by a Muslim pilgrim to smuggle coffee seeds out of Yemen?

The method used by a Muslim pilgrim to smuggle coffee seeds out of Yemen involved strapping them around his waist. This method was a clever way to transport the seeds discreetly, as the pilgrim could easily hide the bulk and shape of the seeds in a way that might not raise suspicion during travel. Historically, Yemen was the only place where coffee coffee cultivation was allowed, and such discreet measures were necessary to circumvent restrictions on exporting coffee seeds.

The other methods listed, while they may seem plausible, do not align with the historical accounts of how coffee was smuggled out of Yemen during that time period. Each method lacks the practicality or historical context that supports the use of strapping the seeds around the waist, which allowed for a more secure and undetected transport.